Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the nervous system that affects communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Its cause is not fully known, but it is associated with an autoimmune reaction in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheaths surrounding the nerves. MS symptoms can be varied and include visual disturbances, balance disorders, muscle weakness, coordination problems, and difficulties in cognitive functioning.
The myelin sheaths attacked by the immune system, also called myelin, are an insulating layer surrounding some of the nerves in the nervous system. Myelin is produced by cells called Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and by glial cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system.
Its main function is to insulate and protect nerve fibers, which enables faster and more efficient transmission of nerve signals. Thanks to myelin, electrical impulses travel much faster along the nerves, which is crucial for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
Without treatment, the disease can lead to a worsening of symptoms and to further exacerbations, called relapses. These exacerbations can lead to permanent nerve damage, which in turn may result in lasting neurological deficits. In addition, untreated multiple sclerosis can lead to difficulties in everyday functioning, such as problems with movement, maintaining balance, vision, or cognitive functions.
Here we collect ways to cope with MS.